Real-life case study
The first bell above the bell with the corona could not support even 5 kV and cracked when the test transformer reached that voltage
Detection of a shorted bell in a porcelain insulator by using the DayCor® camera
".. In a 230 kV substation a buzzing/arcing sound was heard from one of the insulators during wet and foggy conditions. By using the DayCor® camera the bell that caused the noise was easily identified. The insulator was removed and the bells were tested for their ability to support voltage. Each bell was energized using a test transformer. The first bell above the bell with the corona could not support even 5 kV and cracked when the test transformer reached that voltage.
A similar observation of corona on the first sound bell after a string of shorted bells was reported by EPRI.
Donald L. Ruff
Senior Structural Engineer
BPA - Bonneville Power Administration
USA
The bad insulator: It is punctured and arcs at about 20 kV. Notice that cracks radiate from the cap at about the 2:30 and 8:30 positions